In an X-ray tube, electrons emitted from a filament (cathode) carrying current I hit a target (anode) at a distance d from the cathode. The target is kept at a potential V higher than the cathode resulting in emission of continuous and characteristic X-rays. If the filament current I is decreased to $${1 \over 2}$$, the potential difference V is increased to 2V, and the separation distance d is reduced to $${d \over 2}$$, then

A particle of mass m moves in circular orbits with potential energy V(r) = Fr, where F is a positive constant and r is its distance from the origin. Its energies are calculated using the Bohr model. If the radius of the particle’s orbit is denoted by R and its speed and energy are denoted by v and E, respectively, then for the n^th orbit (here h is the Planck’s constant)

A free hydrogen atom after absorbing a photon of wavelength $$\lambda $$_a gets excited from the state n = 1 to the state n = 4. Immediately after that the electron jumps to n = m state by emitting a photon of wavelength $$\lambda $$_e. Let the change in momentum of atom due to the absorption and the emission be $$\Delta {p_a}$$ and $$\Delta {p_e}$$, respectively. If $${{{\lambda _a}} \over {{\lambda _e}}} = {1 \over 5}$$, which of the option(s) is/are correct? [Use hc = 1242 eVnm; 1 nm = 10^-9 m, h and c are Planck's constant and speed of light in vacuum, respectively]

In a radioactive decay chain, $${}_{90}^{232}Th$$ nucleus decays to $${}_{82}^{212}Pb$$ nucleus. Let $${N_\alpha }$$ and $${N_\beta }$$ be the number of $$\alpha $$ and $${\beta ^ - }$$ particles, respectively, emitted in this decay process. Which of the following statements is (are) true?