A monochromatic light is travelling in a medium of refractive index $$n=1.6.$$ It enters a stack of glass layers from the bottom side at an angle $$\theta = {30^ \circ }.$$ The interfaces of the glass layers are parallel to each other. The refractive indices of different glass layers are monotonically decreasing as $${n_m} = n - m\Delta n,$$ where $${n_m}$$ is the refractive index of the $${m^{th}}$$ slab and $$\Delta n = 0.1$$ (see the figure). The ray is refracted out parallel to the interface between the $${\left( {m - 1} \right)^{th}}$$ and $${m^{th}}$$ slabs from the right side of the stack. What is the value of $$m$$?

A monochromatic beam of light is incident at 60$$^\circ$$ on one face of an equilateral prism of refractive index n and emerges from the opposite face making an angle $$\theta$$(n) with the normal (see figure). For n = $$\sqrt 3 $$ the value of $$\theta$$ is 60$$^\circ$$ and $${{d\theta } \over {dn}} = m$$. The value of m is

Consider a concave mirror and a convex lens (refractive index = 1.5) of focal length 10 cm each, separated by a distance of 50 cm in air (refractive index = 1) as shown in the figure. An object is placed at a distance of 15 cm from the mirror. Its erect image formed by this combination has magnification M₁. When the set-up is kept in a medium of refractive index $${7 \over 6}$$, the magnification becomes M₂. The magnitude $$\left| {{{{M_2}} \over {{M_1}}}} \right|$$ is

Water (with refractive index = 4/3) in a tank is 18 cm deep. Oil of refractive index 7/4 lies on water making a convex surface of radius of curvature R = 6 cm as shown. Consider oil to act a thin lens. An object S is placed 24 cm above water surface. The location of its image is at x cm above the bottom of the tank. Then x is __________.