In delta modulation, the slope overload distortion can be reduced by

The raised cosine pulse p(t) is used for zero ISI in digital communications. The expression for p(t) with unity roll-off factor is given by $$$p(t) = {{\sin \,4\,\pi \,W\,t} \over \matrix{ 4\,\pi \,W\,t(1 - 16{W^2}{t^2}) \hfill \cr \hfill \cr \hfill \cr} }$$$ The value of p(t) at $$t = {1 \over {4\,W}}$$ is

In a GSM system, 8 channels can co-exist in 200 KHz bandwidth using TDMA. A GSM based cellular operator is allocated 5 MHz bandwidth. Assuming a frequency reuse factor of 1/5, i. e. a five-cell repeat pattern,, the maximum number of simultaneous channels that can exist in one cell is

In a Direct sequence CDMA system the chip rate is $$1.2288\,\, \times \,\,{10^6}$$ chips per second. If the processing gain is desired to be at least 100. The data rate