A sinusoidal signal of 2 kHz frequency is applied to a delta modulator. The sampling rate and step-size $$\Delta $$ of the delta modulator are 20,000 samples per second and 0.1 V, respectively. To prevent slope overload, the maximum amplitude of the sinusoidal signal (in Volts) is

The transmitted signal in a GSM system is of 200 kHz bandwidth and 8 users share a common bandwidth using TDMA. If at a given time 12 users are talking in a cell, the total bandwidth of the signal received by the base station of the cell will be at least (in kHz) ___________________.

An M - level PSK modulation scheme is used to transmit independent binary digits over a band-pass channel with bandwidth 100 kHz. The bit rate is 200 kbps and the system characteristic is a raised-cosine spectrum with 100% excess bandwidth. The minimum value of M is ___________________________.

A binary random variable X takes the value of 1 with probability 1/3. X is input to a casade of 2 independent identical binary symmetric channels (BSCs) each with crossover probability 1/2. The output of BSCs are the random variables $${Y_1}$$ and $${Y_2}$$ as shown in the figure.