Consider a $$2 \times 2$$ square matrix $$A = \left[ {\matrix{ \sigma & x \cr \omega & \sigma \cr } } \right]$$
Where $$x$$ is unknown. If the eigenvalues of the matrix $$A$$ are $$\left( {\sigma + j\omega } \right)$$ and $$\left( {\sigma - j\omega } \right)$$, then $$x$$ is equal to

Let $${M^4} = {\rm I}$$ (where $${\rm I}$$ denotes the identity matrix) and $$M \ne {\rm I},\,\,{M^2} \ne {\rm I}$$ and $${M^3} \ne {\rm I}$$. Then, for any natural number $$k, $$ $${M^{ - 1}}$$ equals:

The value of $$'x'$$ for which all the eigenvalues of the matrix given below are real is $$\left[ {\matrix{ {10} & {5 + j} & 4 \cr x & {20} & 2 \cr 4 & 2 & { - 10} \cr } } \right]$$

For $$A = \left[ {\matrix{ 1 & {\tan x} \cr { - \tan x} & 1 \cr } } \right],$$ the determinant of $${A^T}\,{A^{ - 1}}$$ is