A gas is enclosed in a cylinder with a movable frictionless piston. Its initial thermodynamic state at pressure P_i = 10⁵ Pa and volume V_i = 10^-3 m³ changes to a final state at P_f = $$\left( {{1 \over {32}}} \right) \times {10^5}\,Pa$$ and V_f = 8 $$ \times $$ 10^-3 m³ in an adiabatic quasi-static process, such that P³V⁵ = constant. Consider another thermodynamic process that brings the system from the same initial state to the same final state in two steps: an isobaric expansion at P_i followed by an isochoric (isovolumetric) process at volume V_f. The amount of heat supplied to the system in the two-step process is approximately

Two thin circular discs of mass m and 4m, having radii of a and 2a, respectively, are rigidly fixed by a massless, rigid rod of length $$l = \sqrt {24} a$$ through their centers. This assembly is laid on a firm and flat surface, and set rolling without slipping on the surface so that the angular speed about the axis of the rod is $$\omega $$. The angular momentum of the entire assembly about the point ‘O’ is $$\overrightarrow L $$ (see the figure). Which of the following statement(s) is(are) true?

There are two Vernier calipers both of which have 1 cm divided into 10 equal divisions on the main scale. The Vernier scale of one of the calipers (C₁) has 10 equal divisions that correspond to 9 main scale divisions. The Vernier scale of the other caliper (C₂) has 10 equal divisions that correspond to 11 main scale divisions. The readings of the two calipers are shown in the figure. The measured values (in cm) by calipers C₁ and C₂ respectively, are

In an experiment to determine the acceleration due to gravity g, the formula used for the time period of a periodic motion is $$T = 2\pi \sqrt {{{7\left( {R - r} \right)} \over {5g}}} $$. The values of R and r are measured to be (60 $$ \pm $$ 1) mm and (10 $$ \pm $$ 1) mm, respectively. In five successive measurements, the time period is found to be 0.52 s, 0.56 s, 0.57 s, 0.54 s and 0.59 s. The least count of the watch used for the measurement of time period is 0.01 s. Which of the following statement(s) is(are) true?