Eight players $${P_1},{P_2},.....{P_8}$$ play a knock-out tournament. It is known that whenever the players $${P_i}$$ and $${P_j}$$ play, the player $${P_i}$$ will win if $$i < j.$$ Assuming that the players are paired at random in each round, what is the probability that the player $${P_4}$$ reaches the final?

Let $$a=2i+j-2k$$ and $$b=i+j.$$ If $$c$$ is a vector such that $$a.$$ $$c = \left| c \right|,\left| {c - a} \right| = 2\sqrt 2 $$ and the angle between $$\left( {a \times b} \right)$$ and $$c$$ is $${30^ \circ },$$ then $$\left| {\left( {a \times b} \right) \times c} \right| = $$

Let $$a=2i+j+k, b=i+2j-k$$ and a unit vector $$c$$ be coplanar. If $$c$$ is perpendicular to $$a,$$ then $$c =$$

Let $$a$$ and $$b$$ two non-collinear unit vectors. If $$u = a - \left( {a\,.\,b} \right)\,b$$ and $$v = a \times b,$$ then $$\left| v \right|$$ is