In thermodynamics, the p-V work done is given by

$$w = - \int {dV{p_{ext}}} $$

For a system undergoing a particular process, the work done is

$$w = - \int {dV\left( {{{RT} \over {V - b}} - {a \over {{V^2}}}} \right)} $$

This equation is applicable to a

Choose the reaction(s) from the following options, for which the standard enthalpy of reaction of equal to the standard enthalpy of formation.

For a reaction, $$A\,\,\rightleftharpoons\,\,P,$$ the plots of $$\left[ A \right]$$ and $$\left[ P \right]$$ with time at temperature $${T_1}$$ and $${T_2}$$ are given below.


If $${T_2} > {T_1},$$ the correct statement(s) is (are) (Assume $$\Delta {H^ \circ }$$ and $$\Delta {S^ \circ }$$ are independent of temperature and ratio of $$lnK$$ at $${T_1}$$ to $$lnK$$ at $${T_2}$$ is greater than $${{{T_2}} \over {{T_1}}}.$$ Here $$H,$$ $$S,G$$ and $$K$$ are enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs energy and equilibrium constant, respectively.)

A reversible cyclic process for an ideal gas is shown below. Here, $$P, V,$$ and $$T$$ are pressure, volume and temperature, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters $$q,w, H$$ and $$U$$ are heat, work, enthalpy and internal energy, respectively.



The correct option(s) is (are)