Reaction of iso-propylbenzene with $\mathrm{O}_2$ followed by the treatment with $\mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{O}^{+}$forms phenol and a by-product $\mathbf{P}$. Reaction of $\mathbf{P}$ with 3 equivalents of $\mathrm{Cl}_2$ gives compound $\mathbf{Q}$. Treatment of $\mathbf{Q}$ with $\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_2$ produces compound $\mathbf{R}$ and calcium salt $\mathbf{S}$.

The correct statement(s) regarding $\mathbf{P}, \mathbf{Q}, \mathbf{R}$ and $\mathbf{S}$ is(are)

Consider the following reaction scheme and choose the correct option(s) for the major products $\mathbf{Q}$, $\mathbf{R}$ and $\mathbf{S}$.

In the following reaction sequence, the correct structure(s) of $$X$$ is (are)

The reactivity of compound Z with different halogens under appropriate conditions is given below


The observed pattern of electrophilic substitution can be explained by