Compounds $\mathbf{P}$ and $\mathbf{Q}$ are carboxylic acids.

Compound $\mathbf{S}$ decolorizes bromine water.

Compounds $\mathbf{P}$ and $\mathbf{S}$ react with hydroxylamine to give the corresponding oximes.

Compound $\mathbf{R}$ reacts with dialkylcadmium to give the corresponding tertiary alcohol.

P is

X is Pd-C/quinoline/H₂

P is

R is