Coherent demodulation of FSK signal can be effected using

The bit stream 01001 is differentially encoded using 'Delay and Ex OR' scheme for DPSK transmission. Assuming the reference bit as a '1' and assigning phases of '0' and '$$\,\pi $$' for 1's and 0's respectively, in the encoded sequence, the transmitted phase sequence becomes

For the signal constellation shown in the figure, the type of modulation is ________.

In a BPSK signal detector, the local oscillator has a fixed phase error of 20⁰. This phase error deteriorates the SNR at the output by a factor of