Electrical resistance of certain materials, known as superconductors, changes abruptly from a non-zero value to zero as their temperature is lowered below a critical temperature T_c(0). An interesting property of superconductors is that their critical temperature becomes smaller than T_c(0), if they are placed in a magnetic field, that is, the critical temperature T_c(B) is a function of the magnetic field strength B. The dependence of T_c(B) on B is shown in the figure.

A superconductor has T_c(0) = 100 K. When a magnetic field of 7.5 T is applied, its T_c decreases to 75 K. For this material, one can definitely say that when

When a particle of mass m moves on the x-axis in a potential of the form V(x) = kx², it performs simple harmonic motion. The corresponding time period is proportional to $$\sqrt {{m \over k}} $$, as can be seen easily using dimensional analysis. However, the motion of a particle can be periodic even when its potential energy increases on both sides of x = 0 in a way different from kx² and its total energy is such that the particle does not escape to infinity. Consider a particle of mass m moving on the x-axis. Its potential energy is V(x) = $$\alpha$$x⁴ ($$\alpha$$ > 0) for | x | near the origin and becomes a constant equal to V₀ for (see figure).

If the total energy of the particle is E, it will perform periodic motion only if

When a particle of mass m moves on the x-axis in a potential of the form V(x) = kx², it performs simple harmonic motion. The corresponding time period is proportional to $$\sqrt {{m \over k}} $$, as can be seen easily using dimensional analysis. However, the motion of a particle can be periodic even when its potential energy increases on both sides of x = 0 in a way different from kx² and its total energy is such that the particle does not escape to infinity. Consider a particle of mass m moving on the x-axis. Its potential energy is V(x) = $$\alpha$$x⁴ ($$\alpha$$ > 0) for | x | near the origin and becomes a constant equal to V₀ for (see figure).

For periodic motion of small amplitude A, the time period T of this particle is proportional to

When a particle of mass m moves on the x-axis in a potential of the form V(x) = kx², it performs simple harmonic motion. The corresponding time period is proportional to $$\sqrt {{m \over k}} $$, as can be seen easily using dimensional analysis. However, the motion of a particle can be periodic even when its potential energy increases on both sides of x = 0 in a way different from kx² and its total energy is such that the particle does not escape to infinity. Consider a particle of mass m moving on the x-axis. Its potential energy is V(x) = $$\alpha$$x⁴ ($$\alpha$$ > 0) for | x | near the origin and becomes a constant equal to V₀ for (see figure).

The acceleration of this particle for $$|x| > {X_0}$$ is