If $${x^2} + {y^2} = 1$$ then

Let $${C_1}$$ and $${C_2}$$ be respectively, the parabolas $${x^2} = y - 1$$ and $${y^2} = x - 1$$. Let $$P$$ be any point on $${C_1}$$ and $$Q$$ be any point on $${C_2}$$. Let $${P_1}$$ and $${Q_1}$$ be the reflections of $$P$$ and $$Q$$, respectively, with respect to the line $$y=x$$. Prove that $${P_1}$$ lies on $${C_2}$$, $${Q_1}$$ lies on $${C_1}$$ and $$PQ \ge $$ min $$\left\{ {P{P_1},Q{Q_1}} \right\}$$. Hence or otherwise determine points $${P_0}$$ and $${Q_0}$$ on the parabolas $${C_1}$$ and $${C_2}$$ respectively such that $${P_0}{Q_0} \le PQ$$ for all pairs of points $$(P,Q)$$ with $$P$$ on $${C_1}$$ and $$Q$$ on $${C_2}$$.

Let $$ABC$$ be an equilateral triangle inscribed in the circle $${x^2} + {y^2} = {a^2}$$. Suppose perpendiculars from $$A, B, C$$ to the major axis of the ellipse $$x.{{{x^2}} \over {{a^2}}} + {{{y^2}} \over {{b^2}}} = 1$$, $$(a>b)$$ meets the ellipse respectively, at $$P, Q, R$$. so that $$P, Q, R$$ lie on the same side of the major axis as $$A, B, C$$ respectively. Prove that the normals to the ellipse drawn at the points $$P, Q$$ and $$R$$ are concurrent.

Let $$ABC$$ and $$PQR$$ be any two triangles in the same plane. Assume that the prependiculars from the points $$A, B, C$$ to the sides $$QR, RP, PQ$$ respectively are concurrent. Using vector methods or otherwise, prove that the prependiculars from $$P, Q, R $$ to $$BC,$$ $$CA$$, $$AB$$ respectively are also concurrent.