For the BJT circuit shown, assume that the $$\beta $$ of the transistor is very large and V_BE = 0.7 V. The mode of operation of the BJT is

In a transconductance amplifier , it is desirable to have

In a GSM system, 8 channels can co-exist in 200 KHz bandwidth using TDMA. A GSM based cellular operator is allocated 5 MHz bandwidth. Assuming a frequency reuse factor of 1/5, i. e. a five-cell repeat pattern,, the maximum number of simultaneous channels that can exist in one cell is

Two 4-ray signal constellations are shown. It is given that $${\phi _1}$$ and $${\phi _2}$$ constitute an orthonormal basis for the two constellations. Assume that the four symbols in both the constellations are equiprobable. Let $${{{N_0}} \over 2}$$ denote the power spectral density of white Gaussian noise.

If these constellations are used for digital communications over an AWGN channel, then which of the following statements is true?