In a PCM system, if the code word length is increased from 6 to 8 bits, the signal to quantization noise ratio improves by the factor

In the output of a DM speech encoder, the consecutive pulses are of opposite polarity during time interval t₁ $$ \le $$ t $$ \le $$ t₂. This indicates that during this interval

Consider a binary digital communication system with equally likely $$0’s$$ and $$1’s$$. When binary $$0$$ is transmitted the voltage at the detector input can lie between the levels $$-0.25V$$ and $$+0.25V$$ with equal probability when binary $$1$$ is transmitted, the voltage at the detector can have any value between $$0$$and $$1 V$$ with equal probability. If the detector has a threshold of $$2.0V$$ (i.e., if the received signal is greater than $$0.2 V$$, the bit is taken as $$1$$), the average bit error probability is

A source produces binary data at the rate of 10 kbps. The binary symbols are represented as shown in fig. The source output is transmitted using two modulation schemes, namely Binary PSK (BPSK) and Quadrature PSK (QPSK). Let $${B_1}$$ and $${B_2}$$ be the bandwidth requirements of BPSK and QPSK respectively. Assuming that the bandwidth of the above rectangular pulses is 10 kHz, $${B_1}$$ and $${B_2}$$ are