Consider an impedance Z = R + jX marked with point P in an impedance Smith chart as shown in Fig. The movement from point P along a constant resistance circle in the clockwise direction by an angle $${45^ \circ }$$ is equivalent to

A lossless transmission line is terminated in a load which reflects a part of the incident power. The measured VSWR is 2. The percentage of the power that is reflected back is

A plane electromagnetic wave propagating in free space in incident normally on a large slab of loss-less, non-magnetic, dielectric material with $$\varepsilon > {\varepsilon _0}$$. Maxima and minima are observed when the electric field is measured in front of the slab. The maximum electric field is found to be $$5$$ times the minimum field. The intrinsic impedance of the medium should be

The phase velocity of an electromagnetic wave propagating in a hollow metallic rectangular waveguide in the $$T{E_{10}}$$ mode is