Figure shows the internal schematic of a TTL AND-OR-Invert (AOI) gate. For the inputs shown in Figure, the output Y is

A lossless transmission line is terminated in a load which reflects a part of the incident power. The measured VSWR is 2. The percentage of the power that is reflected back is

Consider a 300$$\Omega $$, quarter-wave long (at 1 GHz) transmission line as shown in Fig. It is connected to a 10V, 50$$\Omega $$ sources at one end and is left open circuited at the other end. The magnitude of the voltage at the open circuit end of the line is

Consider an impedance Z = R + jX marked with point P in an impedance Smith chart as shown in Fig. The movement from point P along a constant resistance circle in the clockwise direction by an angle $${45^ \circ }$$ is equivalent to