A plot of the number of neutrons (N) against the number of protons (P) of stable nuclei exhibits upward deviation from linearity for atomic number, Z > 20. For an unstable nucleus having N/P ratio less than 1, the possible mode(s) of decay is(are)

According to the Arrhenius equation,

The % yield of ammonia as a function of time in the reaction

N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) $$\rightleftharpoons$$ 2NH₃(g), $$\Delta$$H < 0 at (P, T₁) is given below:

If this reactions is conducted at (P, T₂), with T₂ > T₁, the % yield of ammonia as a function of time is represented by

In the nuclear transmutation

⁹Be₄ + X $$\to$$ ⁸Be₄ + Y

(X, Y) is (are) :