The figure shows a system consisting of (i) a ring of outer radius 3R rolling clockwise without slipping on a horizontal surface with angular speed $$\omega $$ and (ii) an inner disc of radius 2R rotating anti-clockwise with angular speed $${\omega \over 2}$$. The ring and disc are separated by frictionless ball bearings. The point P on the inner disc is at a distance R from the origin, where OP makes an angle of $$30^\circ $$ with the horizontal. Then with respect to the horizontal surface,

Two spherical planets P and Q have the same uniform density r, masses M_P and M_Q and surface areas A and 4A respectively. A spherical planet R also has uniform density r and its mass is (M_P + M_Q). The escape velocities from the planets P, Q and R are V_P, V_Q and V_R, respectively. Then

A thin uniform cylindrical shell, closed at both ends, is partially filled with water. It is floating vertically in water in half-submerged state. If $${\rho _c}$$ is the relative density of the material of the shell with respect to water, then the correct statement is that the shell is

Two moles of ideal helium gas are in a rubber balloon at 30^oC. The balloon is fully expandable and can be assumed to require no energy in its expansion. The temperature of the gas in the balloon is slowly changed to 35^oC. The amount of heat required in raising the temperature is nearly (take R = 8.31 J/mol.K)