Which one of the following is the most appropriate logical formula to represent the statement:

"$$Gold\,and\,silver\,ornaments\,are\,precious$$"

The following notations are used:
$$G\left( x \right):\,\,x$$ is a gold ornament.
$$S\left( x \right):\,\,x$$ is a silver ornament.
$$P\left( x \right):\,\,x$$ is precious.

Consider the following well-formed formulae:

$${\rm I}.$$ $$\,\,\neg \forall x\left( {P\left( x \right)} \right)$$
$${\rm I}{\rm I}.\,\,\,\,\,\,\neg \exists x\left( {P\left( x \right)} \right)$$
$${\rm I}{\rm I}{\rm I}.\,\,\,\,\,\,\neg \exists x\left( {\neg P\left( x \right)} \right)$$
$${\rm I}V.\,\,\,\,\,\,\exists x\left( {\neg P\left( x \right)} \right)$$

Which of the above are equivalent?

The binary operation ◻ is defined as follows:

Which one of the following is equivalence to $$P \vee Q$$?

If $$P$$, $$Q$$, $$R$$ are Boolean variables, then $$(P + \bar{Q}) (P.\bar{Q} + P.R) (\bar{P}.\bar{R} + \bar{Q})$$ simplifies to