Function and Recursion · Programming Languages · GATE CSE

Consider the following C program. Assume parameters to a function are evaluated from right to left.

#include <studio.h>

int g(int p) { printf("%d", p); return p; }

int h(int q) { printf("%d", q); return q; }

void f(int x, int y) {

   g(x);

   h(y);

}

int main() {

   f(g(10),h(20));

}

Which one of the following options is the CORRECT output of the above C program?

Consider the following C program:

#include <stdio.h>
void fX();
int main() {
   fX();
   return 0;}

void fX() {
   char a;
   if ((a = getchar()) != '\n')
       fX();
   if (a != '\n')
       putchar(a);}

Assume that the input to the program from the command line is 1234 followed by a newline character. Which one of the following statements is CORRECT?

The integer value printed by the ANSI-C program given below is ___________.

#include<stdio.h>
int funcp(){
    static int x = 1;
    x++ ;
    return x;
}
int main(){
    int x,y;
    x = funcp();
    y = funcp()+x;
    printf("%d\n", (x+y));
    return 0;
}

Consider the following ANSI C function:

int SomeFunction (int x, int y)

{

if ( (x == 1) I I (y == 1)) return 1;

if (x == y) return x;

if (x > y) return SomeFunction(x - y, y);

if (y > x) return SomeFunction(x, y - x);

}

The value returned by SomeFunction(15, 255) is _______.

Consider the following C program:

        #include < stdio.h >
         int jumble (int x, int y)  {
               x = 2 * x + y ;
               return x ;
         }
         int main ( )  {
               int x=2, y=5 ;
               y = jumble (y, x) ;
               x = jumble (y, x) ;
               printf ("%d \n", x) ;
               return 0 ;
         }

The value printed by the program is ______.

Consider the following C program:

#include < stdio.h >
  int counter = 0;
  int calc (int a, int b) {
  int c;
  counter++;
  if (b==3) return (a*a*a);
  else {
    c = calc(a, b/3);
    return (c*c*c);
 }
}
int main (){
  calc(4, 81);
  printf ("%d", counter);
}

The output of this program is _____.

Consider the following C program segment.

#include < stdio.h >
int main()
{
    char s1[7] = "1234", *p;
    p = s1 + 2;
   *p = ‘0’;
    printf("%s", s1);
}

What will be printed by the program?

Consider the following function written in the C programming language.

void foo(char *a){
 if ( *a && *a != ' '){
     foo(a+1);
     putchar(*a);
   }
}

The output of the above function on input “ABCD EFGH” is

What will be the output of the following C program segment?

Char inchar = 'A';
Switch ( inchar ) {
case 'A' : printf ("Choice A\ n") ;
case 'B' :
case 'C' : printf (“Choice B”) ;
case 'D' :
case 'E' :
default : printf ( " No Choice" ) ; }

Which one of the following are essential features of an object-oriented programming language?
i) Abstraction and encapsulation
ii) Strictly-typedness
iii) Type-safe property coupled with sub-type rule
iv) Polymorphism in the presence of inheritance

An Abstract Data Type (ADT) is

Consider the following C function.

float f,(float x, int y) {
    float p, s; int i;
    for (s=1,p=1,i=1; i < y; i++) {
         p *= x/i;
         s+=p;
    }
return s;
}

For large values of y, the return value of the function f best approximates

In the C language

Consider the following C function definition.

int f(int x, int y) {
    for (int i=0; i<y; i++) {
        x=x+x+y;
    }
    return x;
}

Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about the above function?

What is printed by the following ANSI C program?

  #include <stdio.h>
  int main(int argc, char *argv[ ]) {
    int a[3][3][3] = {{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9},
        {10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18},
        {19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27}};
    int i = 0, j = 0, k = 0;
    for(i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        for(k = 0; k < 3; k++)
              printf("%d"",a[i][j][k]);
        printf("\n");
    }
   return 0;
   }

Consider the following ANSI C program

#include <stdio.h>

int foo(int x, int y, int q)

{

if ((x <= 0 && (y <= 0))

return q;

if (x <= 0)

return foo(x, y - q, q);

if (y <= 0)

return foo(x - q, y, q);

return foo (x, y - q, q) + foo(x - q, y, q);

}

int main()
(

int r = foo(15, 15, 10);

printf("%d", r);

return 0;

}

The output of the program upon execution is ________ 

Consider the following ANSI C program.

#include <stdio.h>

int main( ) {

int i, j, count;

count = 0;

i = 0;

for (j = -3; j <= 3; j++)  {

if ((j >= 0) && (i++))

count = count + j;

}

count = count + i;

printf("%d", count);

return 0;

}

Which one of the following options is correct?

Consider the following ANSI C function:

int SimpleFunction (int y[], int n, int x)

{

int total = y[0], loopIndex;

for (loopIndex = 1; loopIndex <= n - 1; loopIndex++)

total = x * total + y[loopIndex];

return total :

}

Let Z be an array of 10 elements with Z[i] = 1, for all i such that 0 ≤ i ≤ 9. The value returned by SimpleFunction (Z, 10, 2) is ______

Consider the following C functions.

int fun1 (int n) {
     static int i = 0;
     if (n > 0) {
            ++i;
            fun1(n-1);
     }
     return (i);
}

___________________

int fun2 (int n) {
     static int i = 0;
     if (n > 0) {
            i = i + fun1 (n);
            fun2(n-1);
     }
     return (i);
}

The return value of fun2 (5) is _______.

Consider the following C functions.

int tob(int b, int* arr) {
     int i;
     for (i=0; b>0; i++) {
           if (b%2) arr[i] = 1;
           else arr[i]=0;
           b = b/2;
    }
    return (i);
}

____________________

int pp(int a, int b) {
     int arr[20];
     int i, tot = 1, ex, len;
     ex = a;
     len = tob (b, arr);
     for (i=0;  i < len; i++) {
           if (arr[i] ==1)
              tot = tot * ex;
           ex = ex * ex;
    }
    return (tot);
}

The value returned by pp (3, 4) is ________.

Consider the following C function.

void convert(int n){

    if(n < 0)

        printf("%d",n);

    else {

        convert(n/2);

        printf("%d",n%2);

    }

}

Which one of the following will happen when the function convert is called with any positive integer n as argument?

Consider the following C program :

#include<stdio.h>

int r()

{

        static int num=7;

        return num--;

}

int main()

{

        for(r();r();r())

        printf("%od ",r());

        return 0;

}

Which one of the following values will be displayed on execution of the programs?

Consider the following C code. Assume that unsigned long int type length is 64 bits.

unsigned long int fun(unsigned long int n){
     unsigned long int i, j = 0, sum = 0;
     for (i = n; i > 1; i = i/2) j++;
     for ( ; j > 1; j = j/2) sum++;
     return(sum);
}

The value returned when we call fun with the input $${2^{40}}$$ is

Consider the C program below.

#include < stdio.h >
int *A, stkTop;
int stkFunc(int opcode, int val)
{
     static int size=0, stkTop=0;
     switch (opcode) {
         case -1: size = val; break;
         case 0: if (stkTop < size) A[stkTop++] = val; break;
         default: if (stkTop) return A[--stkTop];
     }
     return -1;
}
int main()
{
     int B[20]; A = B; stkTop = -1;
     stkFunc (-1, 10);
     stkFunc ( 0, 5);
     stkFunc ( 0, 10);
     printf ("%d\n", stkFunc(1, 0) + stkFunc(1, 0));
}

The value printed by the above program is __________.

Consider the program given below, in a block-structured pseudo-language with lexical scoping and nesting of procedures permitted.

Program main;
  Var . . .

  Procedure A1;
      Var . . .
      Call A2;
  End A1

  Procedure A2;
      Var . . .

      Procedure A21;
        Var . . .
        Call A1;
      End A21

      Call A21;
  End A2

  Call A1;
End main.

Consider the calling chain: Main $$ \to $$ A1 $$ \to $$ A2 $$ \to $$ A21 $$ \to $$ A1
The correct set of activation records along with their access links is given by

Consider the following recursive C function that takes two arguments:

unsigned int foo (unsigned int n, unsigned int r) {
  if (n > 0) return((n % r) + foo(n/r, r));
  else return 0;
}

What is the return value of the function foo when it is called as foo (513, 2)?

Consider the following recursive C function that takes two arguments:

unsigned int foo (unsigned int n, unsigned int r) {
  if (n > 0) return((n % r) + foo(n/r, r));
  else return 0;
}

What is the return value of the function foo when it is called as foo (345, 10)?

Choose the correct option to fill ? 1 and ? 2 so that the program below prints an input string in reverse order. Assume that the input string is terminated by a newline character.

void recerse (void) {
  int c;
  if (?1) reverse() ;
  ?2
}
main {
  printf ("Enter Text" ); 
  printf("\n");
  reverse() ;
  printf("\n") ;
}

Consider the following C function:

int f(int n)
{
   static int r = 0;
   if(n <= 0) return 1;
   if(n>3)
   {
     r = n;
     return f(n-2)+2;
   }
  return f(n-1)+r;
}

What is the value of f(5)?

Consider the following C program:

void foo (int n, int sum) {
  int k = 0, j = 0;
  if(n==0) return;
  k=n%10; j = n /10;
  sum = sum + k;
  foo(j, sum);
  printf("%d",k);
}
int main () {
  int a = 2048, sum = 0;
  foo(a, sum);
  printf("%d\n", sum);
}

What does the above program print?

Consider the following C program:

double foo(double); /* Line 1 */
int main () {
  double da, db;
  //input da
  db = foo(da);
}
double foo(double a){
  return a;
}

The above code compiled without any error or warning. If Line 1 is deleted, the above code will show:

Consider the following C function:

int f(int n)
{
static int i = 1;
if(n>=5) return n;
n = n+1;
i++;
return f(n);
}

The value returned by f(1) is

Consider the following C program

main ( )
{
  int x, y, m, n;
  scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);
  /* Assume x > 0 and y > 0 */
  m=x; n=y;
  while(m!=n)
  {
    if(m>n)
    m=m-n;
    else
    n=n-m;
  }
  printf("%d", n);
}

The program computes

Consider the following class definitions in a hypothetical Object Oriented language that supports inheritance and uses dynamic binding. The language should not be assumed to be either Java or C++, though the syntax is similar.

Class P {
    void f(int i) {
           print(i);
          }
}

Class Q subclass of P {
       void f(int i) {
            print(2*i);
          }
}

Now consider the following program fragment:
Px = new Q();
Qy = new Q();
Pz = new Q();
x.f(1); ((P)y).f(1); z.f(1);
Here ((P)y) denotes a typecast of y to P. The output produced by executing the above program fragment will be

Consider the following declaration of a two-dimensional array in C:

char a[100][100];

Assuming that the main memory is byte-addressable and that the array is stored starting from memory address 0, the address of a[40][50] is

The value of j at the end of the execution of the following C program

int incr (int i)
{
     static int count = 0;
     count = count + i;
     return (count);
}
main () {
   int i,j;
   for (i = 0; i <= 4; i++)
   j = incr(i);
}

is

Consider the following C function definition

int Trial (int a, int b, int c)
{
       if ((a > = b) && (c < b)) return b;
       else if (a > = b) return Trial (a,c,b);
       else return Trial (b,a,c);
}

The function Trial:

What is the result of the following program?

program side-effect (input, output);
var x, result: integer:
fucntion f (var x:integer):integer;
begin
    x:x+1;f:=x;
end
begin
    x:=5
    result:=f(x)*f(x)
    writeln(result)
end

What value would the following function return for the input x = 95?

Function fun (x:integer):integer;
Begin
     If x > 100 then fun : x – 10
     Else fun : fun(fun (x + 11))
End;

What is the value of X printed by the following program?

program COMPUTE (input, output);
var
    X:integer;
procedure FIND (X:real);
    begin
    X:=sqrt(X);
    end;
begin
   X:=2
   Find(X)
   Writeln(X)
end

What does the following code do?

var a, b : integer;
begin
    a:=a+b;
    b:=a-b;
    a:=a-b;
end;