GATE CSE
Theory of Computation
Push Down Automata and Context Free Language
Previous Years Questions
Marks 1
Consider the following languages:
L1 = {an wan | w $$\in$$ {a, b}*}
L2 = {wxwR | w, x $$\in$$ {a, b}*, | w | , | x | > 0}
Note that wR is the reversal...
Consider the following languages:
$$\eqalign{
& {L_1} = \{ ww|w \in \{ a,b\} *\} \cr
& {L_2} = \{ {a^n}{b^n}{c^m}|m,\,n \ge 0\} \cr
& {L_3...
Consider the language
L = { $${a^n}|n \ge 0$$ } $$ \cup $$ { $${a^n}{b^n}|n \ge 0$$ }
and the following statements.
I. L is deterministic context-free...
Which of the following languages is generated by the given grammar?
$$$S \to aS|bS|\varepsilon $$$
The lexical analysis for a modern computer language such as java needs the power of which one of the following machine model in a necessary and suffic...
Which one of the following is FALSE?
$$S \to aSa\,\left| {\,bSb\,\left| {\,a\,\left| {\,b} \right.} \right.} \right.$$
The language generated by the above grammar over the alphabet $$\le...
Let $${L_1} = \left\{ {{0^{n + m}}{1^n}{0^m}\left| {n,m \ge 0} \right.} \right\},$$
$$\,\,\,{L_2} = \left\{ {{0^{n + m}}{1^{n + m}}{0^m}\left| {n,m \...
Which of the following grammar rules violate the requirements of an operator grammar ? $$P,$$ $$Q, R$$ are non-terminals and $$r, s, t$$ are terminals...
The language accepted by a pushdown Automation in which the stack is limited to $$10$$ items is best described as
Which of the following statement is true?
Context free languages are closed under:
Let $${L_D}$$ be the set of all languages accepted by a $$PDA$$ by final state and $${L_E}$$ the set of all languages accepted by empty stack. Which o...
Consider the grammar with the following productions.
$$S \to a\,\alpha \,\,b\left| {\,\,b\,\alpha } \right.\,c\,\left| {aB} \right.$$
$$S \to \alpha S...
State whether the following statement is TRUE / FALSE.
A minimal $$DFA$$ that is equivalent to an $$NFDA$$ with $$n$$ modes has always 2n states...
State whether the following statement is TRUE / FALSE.
Regularity is preserved under the operation of string reversal.
State whether the following statement is TRUE / FALSE.
All subjects of regular sets are regular.
State whether the following statement is TRUE / FALSE.
The intersection of two $$CFL's$$ is also $$CFL.$$
State whether the following statement is TRUE / FALSE.
A is recursive if both a and its complement are accepted by Turing Machine M accepts.
State whether the following statement is TRUE / FALSE.
The problem is to whether a Turing Machine M accepts input $$w$$ is un-decidable.
Marks 2
Suppose that L1 is a regular and L2 is a context-free language, Which one of the following languages is NOT necessarily context-free?...
Consider the following context-free grammar where the set of terminals is {a, b, c, d, f}.
S → d a T | R f
T → a S | b a T | ϵ
R&nbs...
In a pushdown automaton P = (Q, ∑, Γ, δ, q0, F), a transition of the form,
where p, q ∈ Q, a ∈ Σ ∪ {ϵ}, and X,...
Let $$\left\langle M \right\rangle $$ denote an encoding of an automation M. Suppose that ∑ = {0, 1}. Which of the following languages ...
Consider the following languages.
L1 = {wxyx | w, x, y ∈ (0 + 1)+}
L2 = {xy | x, y ∈ (a + b)*, |x| = |y|, x ≠ y}
Which one of the following is TRUE?...
Consider the following languages:
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,{\rm I}.\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$\left\{ {{a^m}{b^n}{c^p}{d^q}} \right.|m + p = n + q,$$ where $$\left...
Consider the following context-free grammars:
$$\eqalign{
& {G_1}:\,\,\,\,\,S \to aS|B,\,\,B \to b|bB \cr
& {G_2}:\,\,\,\,\,S \to aA|bB...
Which of the following languages are context-free?
$$$\eqalign{
& {L_1} = \left\{ {{a^m}{b^n}{a^n}{b^m}|m,n \ge 1} \right\} \cr
& {L_2}...
Consider the following languages over the alphabet $$\sum { = \left\{ {0,\,1,\,c} \right\}:} $$
$$\eqalign{
& {L_1} = \left\{ {{0^n}\,{1^n}\,\l...
Consider the $$DFA$$ $$A$$ given below.
Which of the following are FALSE?
$$1.$$ Complement of $$L(A)$$ is context - free.
$$2.$$ $$L(A)$$ $$ = \le...
Consider the languages $${L_1}$$, $${L_2}$$ and $${L_3}$$ are given below.
$$$\eqalign{
& {L_1} = \left\{ {{0^p}{1^q}\left| {p,q \in N} \right.}...
A deterministic finite automation $$(DFA)$$ $$D$$ with alphabet $$\sum { = \left\{ {a,b} \right\}} $$ is given below
Which of the following finite s...
Consider the languages
$$$\eqalign{
& {L_1} = \left\{ {{0^i}{1^j}\,\left| {i \ne j} \right.} \right\},\,{L_2} = \left\{ {{0^i}{1^j}\,\left| {i ...
Which of the following statement is false?
Which of the following statements are true?
$$1.$$ Every left-recursive grammar can be converted to a right-recursive grammar and vice-versa
$$2.$$ ...
Match the following List-$${\rm I}$$ with List - $${\rm II}$$
List-$${\rm I}$$
$$E)$$ Checking that identifiers are declared before their
$$F)$$ Numbe...
The language $$L = \left\{ {{0^i}{{21}^i}\,|\,i \ge 0} \right\}$$ over the alphabet $$\left\{ {0,1,2} \right\}$$ is
Consider the $$CFG$$ with $$\left\{ {S,A,B} \right\}$$ as the non-terminal alphabet, $$\left\{ {a,b} \right\}$$ as the terminal alphabet, $$S$$ as the...
Consider the $$CFG$$ with $$\left\{ {S,A,B} \right\}$$ as the non-terminal alphabet, $$\left\{ {a,b} \right\}$$ as the terminal alphabet, $$S$$ as the...
Consider the following statements about the context-free grammar
$$G = \left\{ {S \to SS,\,S \to ab,\,S \to ba,\,S \to \varepsilon } \right\}$$
$$1.$...
Let $${N_f}$$ and $${N_p}$$ denote the classes of languages accepted by non-deterministic finite automata and non-deterministic push-down automata, re...
Consider the language :
$${L_1} = \left\{ {{a^n}{b^n}{c^m}\left| {n,m > 0} \right.} \right\}$$ and $${L_2} = \left\{ {{a^n}{b^m}{c^m}\left| {n,m &...
Consider the language :
$${L_1}\, = \left\{ {w\,{w^R}\,\left| {w \in \left\{ {0,1} \right\}{}^ * } \right.} \right\}$$
$${L_2}\, = \left\{ {w\, \ne {...
Consider the following grammar $$G:$$
$$\eqalign{
& S \to bS\,\left| {\,aA\,\left| {\,b} \right.} \right. \cr
& A \to bA\,\left| {\,aB}...
The language $$\left\{ {{a^m}{b^n}{c^{m + n}}\left| {m,n \ge } \right.} \right\}$$ is
Let $$M = \left( {K,\,\sum {,\,F,\,\Delta ,\,s,\,F} } \right)$$ be a pushdown automation. Where $$K = \left\{ {s,\,f} \right\},\,F = \left\{ f \right\...
Consider the following decision problems:
$${P_1}$$ Does a given finite state machine accept a given string
$${P_2}$$ Does a given context free gramma...
If $${L_1}$$ is a context free language and $${L_2}$$ is a regular which of the following is/are false?
Let $$L$$ be the set of all binary strings whose last two symbols are the same. The number of states in the minimum state deterministic finite-state ...
Which of the following statements is false?
Which of the following languages over $$\left\{ {a,b,c} \right\}$$ is accepted by Deterministic push down automata?
If $${L_1}$$ and $${L_2}$$ are context free languages and $$R$$ a regular set, one of the languages below is not necessarily a context free language. ...
Let $$G$$ be a context free grammar where $$G = \left( {\left\{ {S,A,.B,C} \right\},\left\{ {a,b,d} \right\},P,S} \right)$$ with productions $$P$$ giv...
Which of the following features cannot be captured by context-free grammars?
Context-free languages are
Context free languages and regular languages are both closed under the operation(s) of :
A context-free grammar is ambiguous if:
FORTRAN is: