Data Link Layer and Switching · Computer Networks · GATE CSE

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Marks 1

1
A link has a transmission speed of 106 bits/sec. It uses data packets of size 1000 bytes each. Assume that the acknowledgement has negligible transmission delay, and that its propagation delay is the same as the data propagation delay. Also assume that the processing delays at the nodes are negligible. The efficiency of the stop-and-wait protocol in this setup is exactly 25%. The value of the one-way propagation delay (in milliseconds) is ___________.
GATE CSE 2015 Set 2
2
A bit-stuffing based framing protocol uses an 8-bit delimiter pattern of 01111110. If the output bit-string after stuffing is 01111100101, then the input bit-string is
GATE CSE 2014 Set 3
3
The maximum window size for data transmission using the selective reject protocol with n-bit frame sequence numbers is:
GATE CSE 2005

Marks 2

1

Consider the transmission of data bits 110001011 over a link that uses Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) code for error detection. If the generator bit pattern is given to be 1001, which one of the following options shows the remainder bit pattern appended to the data bits before transmission?

GATE CSE 2026 Set 2
2

It is necessary to design a link-layer protocol between two hosts that are directly connected over a lossless link of length 3000 kilometers. Assume that the link bandwidth is $10^8$ bits per second and that the propagation delay in the link is 5 nanoseconds per meter. Every transmitted data byte is assigned a unique sequence number.

Let $N$ be the minimum number of bits needed for the sequence number field in the protocol header such that

(i) the sequence numbers do not wrap around before 60 seconds, and

(ii) the maximum utilization of the link is achieved.

The value of $N$ is $\_\_\_\_$ . (answer in integer)

GATE CSE 2026 Set 2
3

Consider the implementation of sliding window protocol over a lossless link, with a window size of $W$ frames, where each frame is of size 1000 bits (including header). The bandwidth of the link is $100 \mathrm{kbps}\left(1 \mathrm{k}=10^3\right)$ and the one-way propagation delay is 100 milliseconds. Assume that processing times at the sender and receiver are zero and the transmission time of acknowledgements is also zero. Which one of the following options gives the minimum size of $W$ (in number of frames) required to achieve $100 \%$ link utilization?

GATE CSE 2026 Set 1
4

Suppose we are transmitting frames between two nodes using Stop-and-Wait protocol. The frame size is 3000 bits. The transmission rate of the channel is 2000 bps (bits/ second) and the propagation delay between the two nodes is 100 milliseconds. Assume that the processing times at the source and destination are negligible. Also, assume that the size of the acknowledgement packet is negligible. Which ONE of the following most accurately gives the channel utilization for the above scenario in percentage?

GATE CSE 2025 Set 2
5

Consider an Ethernet segment with a transmission speed of $10^8$ bits/sec and a maximum segment length of 500 meters. If the speed of propagation of the signal in the medium is $2 \times 10^8$ meters/sec, then the minimum frame size (in bits) required for collision detection is _________

GATE CSE 2024 Set 2
6
Consider the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) based error detecting scheme having the generator polynomial X3 + X + 1. Suppose the message m4m3m2m1m0 = 11000 is to be transmitted. Check bits c2c1c0 are appended at the end of the message by the transmitter using the above CRC scheme. The transmitted bit string is denoted by m4m3m2m1m0c2c1c0. The value of the check bit sequence c2c1c0 is 
GATE CSE 2021 Set 2
7

Assume that a 12-bit Hamming codeword consisting of 8-bit data and 4 check bits is d8d7d6d5c8d4d3d2c4d1c2c1, where the data bits and the check bits are given in the following tables:

Data bits

d8

d7

d6

d5

d4

d3

d2

d1

1

1

0

x

0

1

0

1
 

c8

c4

c2

c1

Y

0

1

0

Which one of the following choices gives the correct values of x and y?
GATE CSE 2021 Set 1
8
A sender uses the Stop-and-Wait ARQ protocol for reliable transmission of frames. Frames are of size 1000 bytes and the transmission rate at the sender is 80 Kbps (1Kbps = 1000 bits/second). Size of an acknowledgment is 100 bytes and the transmission rate at the receiver is 8 Kbps. The one-way propagation delay is 100 milliseconds. Assuming no frame is lost, the sender throughput is __________ bytes/second.
GATE CSE 2016 Set 1
9
Consider a 128 × 103 bits/second satellite communication link with one way propagation delay of 150 milliseconds. Selective retransmission (repeat) protocol is used on this link to send data with a frame size of 1 kilobyte. Neglect the transmission time of acknowledgement. The minimum number of bits required for the sequence number field to achieve 100% utilization is _________.
GATE CSE 2016 Set 2
10
Suppose that the stop-and-wait protocol is used on a link with a bit rate of 64 kilobits per second and 20 milliseconds propagation delay. Assume that the transmission time for the acknowledgment and the processing time at nodes are negligible. Then the minimum frame size in bytes to achieve a link utilization of at least 50% is _________.
GATE CSE 2015 Set 1
11
Consider a network connected two systems located 8000 kilometers apart. The bandwidth of the network is 500 × 106 bits per second. The propagation speed of the media is 4 × 106 meters per second. It is needed to design a Go-Back-N sliding window protocol for this network. The average packet size is 107 bits. The network is to be used to its full capacity. Assume that processing delays at nodes are negligible. Then the minimum size in bits of the sequence number field has to be ___________.
GATE CSE 2015 Set 3
12
Two hosts are connected via a packet switch with $${10^7}$$ bits per second links. Each link has a propagation delay of $$20$$ micro-seconds. The switch begins forwarding a packet $$35$$ microseconds after it receives the same. If $$10000$$ bits of data are to be transmitted between the two hosts using a packet size of $$5000$$ bits, the time elapsed between the transmission of the first bit of data and the reception of the last bit of the data in microseconds is____________.
GATE CSE 2015 Set 3
13
Two hosts are connected via a packet switch with 107 bits per second links. Each link has a propagation delay of 20 microseconds. The switch begins forwarding a packet 35 microseconds after it receives the same. If 1000 bits of data are to be transmitted between the two hosts using a packet size of 5000 bits, the time elapsed between the transmission of the first bit of data and the reception of the last of the data in microsecond is _________.
GATE CSE 2015 Set 2
14
Consider the store and forward packet switched network given below. Assume that the bandwidth of each link is 106 bytes/sec. A user on host A sends a file of size 103 bytes to host B through routers R1 and R2 in three different ways. In the first case a single packet containing the complete file is transmitted from A to B. In the second case, the file is split into 10 equal parts, and these packets are transmitted from A to B. In the third case, the file is split into 20 equal parts and these packets are sent from A to B. Each packet contains 100 bytes of header information along with the user data. Consider only transmission time and ignore processing, queuing and propagation delays. Also assume that there are no errors during transmission. Let T1, T2 and T3 be the times taken to transmit the file in the first, second and third case respectively. Which one of the following is CORRECT? GATE CSE 2014 Set 2 Computer Networks - Data Link Layer and Switching Question 15 English
GATE CSE 2014 Set 2
15
Consider a selective repeat sliding window protocol that uses a frame size of 1 KB to send data on a 1.5 Mbps link with a one-way latency of 50 msec. To achieve a link utilization of 60%, the minimum number of bits required to represent the sequence number field is ________.
GATE CSE 2014 Set 1
16
Frames of 1000 bits are sent over a 106 bps duplex link between two hosts. The propagation time is 25 ms. Frames are to be transmitted into this link to maximally pack them in transit (within the link).
What is the minimum number of bits (I) that will be required to represent the sequence numbers distinctly? Assume that no time gap needs to be given between transmission of two frames.
GATE CSE 2009
17
Let G(x) be the generator polynomial used for CRC checking. What is the condition that should be satisfied by G(x) to detect odd number of bits in error?
GATE CSE 2009
18
Frames of 1000 bits are sent over a 106 bps duplex link between two hosts. The propagation time is 25 ms. Frames are to be transmitted into this link to maximally pack them in transit (within the link).

Suppose that the sliding window protocol is used with the sender window size of 2l, where l is the number of bits identified in the earlier part and acknowledgements are always piggy backed. After sending 2l frames, what is the minimum time the sender will have to wait before starting transmission of the next frame? (Identify the closest choice ignoring the frame processing time.)
GATE CSE 2009
19
The message 11001001 is to be transmitted using the CRC polynomial x3 + 1 to protect it from errors. The message that should be transmitted is:
GATE CSE 2007
20
The distance between two stations M and N is L kilometers. All frames are K bits long. The propagation delay per kilometer is t seconds. Let R bits/second be the channel capacity. Assuming that processing delay is negligible, the minimum number of bits for the sequence number field in a frame for maximum utilization, when the sliding window protocol is used, is:
GATE CSE 2007
21
Station A uses 32 byte packets to transmit messages to Station B using a sliding window protocol. The round trip delay between A and B is 80 milliseconds and the bottleneck bandwidth on the path between A and B is 128 kbps. What is the optimal window size that A should use?
GATE CSE 2006
22
Station A needs to send a message consisting of 9 packets to Station B using a sliding window (window size 3) and go-back-n error control strategy. All packets are ready and immediately available for transmission. If every 5th packet that A transmits gets lost (but no acks from B ever get lost), then what is the number of packets that A will transmit for sending the message to B?
GATE CSE 2006
23
In a packet switching network, packets are routed from source to destination along a single path having two intermediate nodes. If the message size is 24 bytes and each packet contains a header of 3 bytes, then the optimum packet size is:
GATE CSE 2005
24
Host A is sending data to host B over a full duplex link. A and B are using the sliding window protocol for flow control. The send and receive window sizes are 5 packets each. Data packets (sent only from A to B) are all 1000 bytes long and the transmission time for such a packet is 50 $$\mu $$s Acknowledgement packets (sent only from B to A) are very small and require negligible transmission time. The propagation delay over the link is 200 $$\mu $$s. What is the maximum achievable throughput in this communication?
GATE CSE 2003
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