Which one of the following is NOT logically equivalent to $$\neg \exists x\left( {\forall y\left( \alpha \right) \wedge \left( {\forall z\left( \beta \right)} \right)} \right)?$$

Which one of the following options is correct given three positive integers $$x, y$$ and $$z$$, and a predicate
$$P\left( x \right) = \neg \left( {x = 1} \right) \wedge \forall y\left( {\exists z\left( {x = y * z} \right) \Rightarrow \left( {y = x} \right) \vee \left( {y = 1} \right)} \right)$$

Suppose the predicate $$F(x,y,t)$$ is used to represent the statements that person $$x$$ can fool person $$y$$ at time $$t$$. Which one of the statements below expresses best the meaning of the formula $$\forall x\exists y\exists t\left( {\neg F\left( {x,y,t} \right)} \right)?$$

Which one of the following is the most appropriate logical formula to represent the statement:

"$$Gold\,and\,silver\,ornaments\,are\,precious$$"

The following notations are used:
$$G\left( x \right):\,\,x$$ is a gold ornament.
$$S\left( x \right):\,\,x$$ is a silver ornament.
$$P\left( x \right):\,\,x$$ is precious.