In orthogonal turning of medium carbon steel, the specific machining energy is $$2$$ $$kJ/m{m^3},$$ the cutting velocity, feed and depth of cut are $$120m/min,$$ $$0.2mm/rev$$ and $$2mm$$ respectively. The main cutting force $$N$$ is

In orthogonal turning of low carbon steel pipe with principal cutting edge angle of $$90,$$ the main cutting force is $$1000$$$$N$$ and the feed force is $$800N.$$ The shear angle is $$25$$ and orthogonal rake angle is zero. Employing Merchants theory, the ratio of friction force to the normal force acting on the cutting tool is

In an orthogonal machining operation:
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Uncut thickness $$\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$= 0.5$$ $$mm$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Cutting speed $$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$= 20$$ $$m/min$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Width of cut $$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$= 5$$ $$mm$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Chip thickness $$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$= 0.7$$ $$mm$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Thrust force$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$= 200$$ $$N$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Cutting force $$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$= 1200$$ $$N$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Rake angle $$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$ = {15^ \circ }$$
Assume Merchant’s theory

The coefficient of friction at the tool chip interface is

In an orthogonal machining operation:
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Uncut thickness $$\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$= 0.5$$ $$mm$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Cutting speed $$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$= 20$$ $$m/min$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Width of cut $$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$= 5$$ $$mm$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Chip thickness $$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$= 0.7$$ $$mm$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Thrust force$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$= 200$$ $$N$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Cutting force $$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$= 1200$$ $$N$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Rake angle $$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$ = {15^ \circ }$$
Assume Merchant’s theory

The values of shear angle and shear strain, respectively are