Orthogonal turning is performed on a cylindrical work piece with shear strength of $$250Mpa.$$ The following conditions are used: cutting velocity is $$180m/min,$$ feed is $$0.2mm/rev,$$ depth of cut is $$3mm,$$ chip thickness ratio is $$0.5.$$ The orthogonal rake angle is $$7deg.$$ Apply Merchants theory for analysis,

The cutting and frictional forces respectively are

A low carbon steel bar of $$147$$ $$mm$$ diameter with length of $$630$$ $$mm$$ is being turned with uncoated carbide insert. The observed tool lives are $$24$$ and $$12$$ for cutting velocities of $$90$$ $$m/min$$ and $$120$$ $$m/min$$ respectively. The feed and depth of cut are $$0.2$$ $$mm/rev$$ and $$2$$ $$mm$$ respectively. Use the unmachined diameter to calculate the cutting velocity.

When tool life is $$20min.$$ The cutting velocity in $$m/min$$ is

A low carbon steel bar of $$147$$ $$mm$$ diameter with length of $$630$$ $$mm$$ is being turned with uncoated carbide insert. The observed tool lives are $$24$$ and $$12$$ for cutting velocities of $$90$$ $$m/min$$ and $$120$$ $$m/min$$ respectively. The feed and depth of cut are $$0.2$$ $$mm/rev$$ and $$2$$ $$mm$$ respectively. Use the unmachined diameter to calculate the cutting velocity.

Neglect over travel or approach of the tool. When tool life is $$20min,$$ the machining time in $$min$$ for a single pass is

In orthogonal turning of a low carbon steel bar of diameter $$150mm$$ with uncoated carbide tool, the cutting velocity is $$90m/min,$$ The feed is $$0.24mm/rev$$ and the depth of cut is $$2mm.$$ The chip thickness obtained is $$0.48$$$$mm.$$ If the orthogonal rake angle is zero, and the principle cutting edge angle is $$90,$$ the shear angle in degrees is