In a single point turning tool, the side rake angle and orthogonal rake angle are equal. $$\varphi $$ is the principle cutting edge angle and its range is $$0$$ to $$90.$$ The chip flows in the orthogonal plane. The value of $$\varphi $$ is closer to

Orthogonal turning is performed on a cylindrical work piece with shear strength of $$250Mpa.$$ The following conditions are used: cutting velocity is $$180m/min,$$ feed is $$0.2mm/rev,$$ depth of cut is $$3mm,$$ chip thickness ratio is $$0.5.$$ The orthogonal rake angle is $$7deg.$$ Apply Merchants theory for analysis,

The cutting and frictional forces respectively are

Orthogonal turning is performed on a cylindrical work piece with shear strength of $$250Mpa.$$ The following conditions are used: cutting velocity is $$180m/min,$$ feed is $$0.2mm/rev,$$ depth of cut is $$3mm,$$ chip thickness ratio is $$0.5.$$ The orthogonal rake angle is $$7deg.$$ Apply Merchants theory for analysis,

The shear plane angle (in degrees) and the shear force respectively are

In orthogonal turning of low carbon steel pipe with principal cutting edge angle of $$90,$$ the main cutting force is $$1000$$$$N$$ and the feed force is $$800N.$$ The shear angle is $$25$$ and orthogonal rake angle is zero. Employing Merchants theory, the ratio of friction force to the normal force acting on the cutting tool is