A second-order system has the transfer function $$\frac{C\left(s\right)}{R\left(s\right)}=\frac4{s^2+4s+4}$$. With r(t) as the unit-step function, the response c(t) of the system is represented by

A 0 to 6 counter consist of 3 flip-flops and a combination circuit of 2 input gate(s). The combination circuit consists of

The circuit shown in figure is a 4-bit DAC The input bits 0 and 1 are represented by 0 and 5 V respectively. The OP- AMP is ideal, but all the resistances and the 5V inputs have a tolerance of ±10%.
The specification (rounded to the nearest multiple of 5%) for the tolerance of the DAC is

The DTL, TTL, ECL and CMOS families of digital ICs are compared in the following 4 columns