The input voltage $${V_{DC}}$$ of the buck-boost converter shown below varies from $$32$$ $$V$$ to $$72$$ $$V.$$ Assume that all components are ideal, inductor current is continuous, and output voltage is ripple free. The range of duty ratio $$D$$ of the converter for which the magnitude of the steady state output voltage remains constant at $$48$$ $$V$$ is

In the circuit shown all elements are ideal and the switch $$S$$ is operated at $$10$$ $$kHz$$ and $$60$$% duty ratio. The capacitor is large enough so that the ripple across it is negligible and at steady state acquires a voltage as shown. The peak current in amperes drawn from the $$50$$ $$V$$ $$DC$$ source is ________. (Give the answer up to one decimal place.)

A buck converter feeding a variable resistive load is shown in the figure. The switching frequency of the switch $$S$$ is $$100$$ $$kHz$$ and the duty ratio is $$0.6.$$ The output voltage $${V_0}$$ is $$36$$ $$V.$$ Assume that all the components are ideal, and that the output voltage is ripple-free. The value of $$R$$ (in $$Ohm$$) that will make the inductor current ($${{\rm I}_L}$$) just continuous is _______.

The circuit shown is meant to supply a resistive load $${R_L}$$ from two separate $$DC$$ voltage sources. The switches $$S1$$ and $$S2$$ are controlled so that only one of them is ON at any instant. $$S1$$ is turned on for $$0.2$$ $$ms$$ and $$S2$$ is turned on for $$0.3$$ $$ms$$ in a $$0.5$$ $$ms$$ switching cycle time period. Assuming continuous conduction of the inductor current and negligible ripple on the capacitor voltage, the output voltage $${V_0}$$ (in Volt) across $${R_L}$$ is __________.