The input voltage $${V_{DC}}$$ of the buck-boost converter shown below varies from $$32$$ $$V$$ to $$72$$ $$V.$$ Assume that all components are ideal, inductor current is continuous, and output voltage is ripple free. The range of duty ratio $$D$$ of the converter for which the magnitude of the steady state output voltage remains constant at $$48$$ $$V$$ is

In the circuit shown all elements are ideal and the switch $$S$$ is operated at $$10$$ $$kHz$$ and $$60$$% duty ratio. The capacitor is large enough so that the ripple across it is negligible and at steady state acquires a voltage as shown. The peak current in amperes drawn from the $$50$$ $$V$$ $$DC$$ source is ________. (Give the answer up to one decimal place.)

A buck converter feeding a variable resistive load is shown in the figure. The switching frequency of the switch $$S$$ is $$100$$ $$kHz$$ and the duty ratio is $$0.6.$$ The output voltage $${V_0}$$ is $$36$$ $$V.$$ Assume that all the components are ideal, and that the output voltage is ripple-free. The value of $$R$$ (in $$Ohm$$) that will make the inductor current ($${{\rm I}_L}$$) just continuous is _______.

A self commutating switch $$SW,$$ operated at duty cycle $$\delta $$ is used to control the load voltage as shown in the figure

Under steady state operating conditions, the average voltage across the indicator and the capacitor respectively, are