Figure shows a chopper operating from a $$100$$ $$V$$ $$dc$$ input. The duty ratio of the main switch $$S$$ is $$0.8.$$ The load is sufficiently inductive so that the load current is ripple free. The average current through the diode $$D$$ under steady state is

Figure shows a chopper. The device $${S_1}$$ is the main switching device. $${S_2}$$ is the auxiliary commutation device. $${S_1}$$ is rated for $$400V, 60A.$$ $${S_2}$$ is rated for $$400V, 30 A.$$ the load current is $$20$$ $$A.$$ The main device operates with a duty ratio of $$0.5.$$ The peak current through $${S_1}$$ is

A chopper is employed to charge a battery as shown in figure. The charging current is $$5A$$. The duty ratio is $$0.2.$$ The chopper output voltage is also shown in figure. The peak to peak ripple current in the charging current is

In the chopper circuit shown in fig the input $$dc$$ voltage has a constant value $${{V_s}}$$. the output voltage $${{V_0}}$$ is assumed ripple free. The switch $$S$$ is operated with a switching time period $$T$$ and a duty ratio $$D.$$ What is the value of $$D$$ at the boundary of continuous and discontinuous conduction of the inductor current $${i_L}$$?