A voltage commutated chopper operating at $$1$$ $$kHz$$ is used to control the speed of $$dc$$ motor as shown in figure. The load current is assumed to be constant at $$10$$ $$A.$$

The average output voltage of the chopper will be

The given figure shows a step $$-$$ down chopper switched at $$1$$ $$KHz$$ with a duty ratio $$D = 0.5.$$ The peak - peak ripple in the load current is close to

Figure shows a chopper operating from a $$100$$ $$V$$ $$dc$$ input. The duty ratio of the main switch $$S$$ is $$0.8.$$ The load is sufficiently inductive so that the load current is ripple free. The average current through the diode $$D$$ under steady state is

Figure shows a chopper. The device $${S_1}$$ is the main switching device. $${S_2}$$ is the auxiliary commutation device. $${S_1}$$ is rated for $$400V, 60A.$$ $${S_2}$$ is rated for $$400V, 30 A.$$ the load current is $$20$$ $$A.$$ The main device operates with a duty ratio of $$0.5.$$ The peak current through $${S_1}$$ is