A dense collection of equal number of electrons and positive ions is called neutral plasma. Certain solids containing fixed positive ions surrounded by free electrons can be treated as neutral plasma. Let 'N' be the number density of free electrons, each of mass 'm'. When the electrons are subjected to an electric field, they are displaced relatively away from the heavy positive ions. If the electric field becomes zero, the electrons begin to oscillate about the positive ions with a natural angular frequency '$${\omega _p}$$' which is called the plasma frequency. To sustain the oscillations, a time varying electric field needs to be applied that has an angular frequency $$\omega $$, where a part of the energy is absorbed and a part of it is reflected. As $$\omega $$ approaches $${\omega _p}$$ all the free electrons are set to resonance together and all the energy is reflected. This is the explanation of high reflectivity of metals.

Taking the electronic charge as 'e' and the permittivity as $$'{\varepsilon _0}'$$. Use dimensional analysis to determine the correct expression for $${\omega _p}$$.

A dense collection of equal number of electrons and positive ions is called neutral plasma. Certain solids containing fixed positive ions surrounded by free electrons can be treated as neutral plasma. Let 'N' be the number density of free electrons, each of mass 'm'. When the electrons are subjected to an electric field, they are displaced relatively away from the heavy positive ions. If the electric field becomes zero, the electrons begin to oscillate about the positive ions with a natural angular frequency '$${\omega _p}$$' which is called the plasma frequency. To sustain the oscillations, a time varying electric field needs to be applied that has an angular frequency $$\omega $$, where a part of the energy is absorbed and a part of it is reflected. As $$\omega $$ approaches $${\omega _p}$$ all the free electrons are set to resonance together and all the energy is reflected. This is the explanation of high reflectivity of metals.

Estimate the wavelength at which plasma reflection will occur for a metal having the density of electrons N $$ \approx $$ 4 $$ \times $$ 10²⁷ m^-3. Taking $${{\varepsilon _0}}$$ = 10^{- 11} and m $$ \approx $$ 10^{- 30}, where these quantities are in proper SI units.

A ball of mass (m) 0.5 kg is attached to the end of a string having length (L) 0.5 m. The ball is rotated on a horizontal circular path about vertical axis. The maximum tension that the string can bear is 324 N. The maximum possible value of angular velocity of ball (in radian/s) is

A block is moving on an inclined plane making an angle $$45^\circ $$ with the horizontal and the coefficient of friction is $$\mu $$. The force required to just push it up the inclined plane is 3 times the force required to just prevent it from sliding down. If we define N = 10 $$\mu $$, then N is