An npn bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is operating in the active region. If the reverse bias across the base-collector junction is increased, then

For the circuit shown in the figure, P and Q are the inputs and Y is the output. The logic implemented by the circuit is

Consider an n-channel MOSFET having width W, length L, electron mobility in the channel $$\mu_n$$ and oxide capacitance per unit area $$C_{ox}$$. If gate-to-source voltage V_GS=0.7 V, drain-to source voltage V_DS=0.1V, $$\left(\mu_nC_{ox}\right)\;=\;100\;\mu A/V^2$$, threshold voltage V_TH=0.3 V and (W/L) = 50, then the transconductance g_m (in mA/V) is ___________.

Assuming that transistor M₁ and M₂ are identical and have a threshold voltage of 1V, the state of transistors M₁ and M₂ are respectively