An electron (q₁) is moving in free space with velocity 10⁵ m/s towards a stationary electron (q₂) far away. The closest distance that this moving electron gets to the stationary electron before the repulsive force diverts its path is ___________ ×10^-8m.

[Given, mass of electron m = 9.11×10^-31 kg, charge of electron e = -1.6×10^-19 C , and permittivity $$\varepsilon_0=\left(1/36\mathrm\pi\right)\times10^{-9}\;\mathrm F/\mathrm m$$].

An n-channel enhancement mode MOSFET is biased at V_GS > V_TH and V_DS > (V_GS - V_TH), where V_GS is the gate-to-source voltage, V_DS is the drain-to-source voltage and V_TH is the threshold voltage. Considering channel length modulation effect to be significant, the MOSFET behaves as a

For a particular intensity of incident light on a silicon pn junction solar cell, the photocurrent density (J_L) is 2.5 mA/cm² and the open-circuit voltage (V$$_{oc}$$) is 0.451 V. consider thermal voltage (V$$_T$$) to be 25 mV. If the intensity of the incident light is increased by 20 times, assuming that the temperature remains unchanged. V$$_{oc}$$ (in volts) will be ______.

An npn bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is operating in the active region. If the reverse bias across the base-collector junction is increased, then