Negative feedback in

1. Voltage series configuration
2.Current shunt configuration

(a) increases input impedance
(b) decreases input impedance
(c) increases closed loop gain
(d) leads to ascillation.

An IC 555 chip has been used to construct a pulse generator. Typical pin connections with components is shown below in fig. for such application. However it is desired to generate a square pulse of 10KHz.. Evaluate values of $${R_{A\,}}$$ and $${R_{B\,}}$$ and if the capacitor has the value of 0.01$$\mu $$F for the configuration closed. If necessary you can suggest modifications in the external circuit configuration.

The output voltage V₀ of the circuit shown in the figure is

Consider the circuit given in fig. using an ideal operational Amplifier.

The characteristics of the diode are given by the relation I = I_s $$\left[ {{e^{{{qV} \over {KT}}}} - 1} \right],$$

Where V is the forward voltage across the diode
(a)Express V₀ as a function of V_i assuming V_i> 0.
(b)If R = 100K$$\Omega $$ , I_s = 1$$\mu $$A and $${{KT} \over q}\,\, = \,\,25mV$$