In an ideal junction diode, the current flowing through PQ is

LED is manufactured using zinc selenide then it emits.

In a pure silicon, number of electrons and holes per unit volume are $$1.6 \times 10^{16} \mathrm{~m}^{-3}$$. If silicon is doped with Boron in a way that on doping hole density increases to $$4 \times 10^{22} \mathrm{~m}^{-3}$$. Then electron density in doped semiconductor will be

For a transitor, $$\frac{1}{\alpha_{\mathrm{DC}}}-\frac{1}{\beta_{\mathrm{DC}}}$$ is equal to [ $$\alpha_{\mathrm{DC}}$$ and $$\beta_{\mathrm{DC}}$$ are current amplification factors]