In case of $p$-n junction diode, the width of depletion region is

In the study of transistor as an amplifier, the ratio of collector current to emitter current is 0.98 then the ratio of collector current to base current will be

Assuming that the junction diode is ideal, the current in the arrangement shown in figure is

. For a transistor, the current ratio ' $\beta_{d c}$ ' is defined as the ratio of