A zero-mean white Gaussian noise is passed through an ideal low-pass filter of bandwidth 10 kHz. The output is then uniformly sampled with sampling period t_s = 0.03 msec. The samples so obtained would be

A source generates three symbols with probabilities 0.25, 0.25, 0.50 at a rate of 3000 symbols per second. Assuming independent generation of symbols, the most efficient source encoder would have average bit rate as

The diagonal clipping in Amplitude Demodulation (using envelope detector) can be avoided if RC time-constant of the envelope detector satisfies the following condition, (here W is message bandwidth and ω_c is carrier frequency both in rad/sec)

Consider two transfer functions $${G_1}\left( s \right) = {1 \over {{s^2} + as + b}}$$ and $${G_2}\left( s \right) = {s \over {{s^2} + as + b}}.$$ The 3-dB bandwidths of their frequency responses are, respectively