In the following figure the minimum value of the constant “C”, which is to be added to y₁(t) such that y₁(t) and y₂(t) are different, is

The diagonal clipping in Amplitude Demodulation (using envelope detector) can be avoided if RC time-constant of the envelope detector satisfies the following condition, (here W is message bandwidth and ω_c is carrier frequency both in rad/sec)

In the system shown below, x(t)=(sin t). In steady-state, the response y(t) will be

The transfer function of a phase-lead compensator is given by $${G_c}(s) = {{1 + 3Ts} \over {1 + Ts}}$$

where T > 0. The maximum phase-shift provided by such a compesator is