A straight turning operation is carried out using a single point cutting tool on an $$AISI$$ $$1020$$ steel rod. The feed is $$0.2$$ $$mm/rev$$ and the depth of cut is $$0.5$$ $$mm.$$ The tool has a side cutting edge angle of $${60^ \circ }.$$ The uncut chip thickness (in $$mm$$) is _______________

Friction at the tool - chip interface can be reduced by

The minimum shear strain in orthogonal turning with a cutting tool of zero rake angle is

Formation on build-up edge during machining can be avoided by using