A steel rod of length $$L$$ and diameter $$D$$, fixed at both ends, is uniformly heated to a temperature rise of $$\Delta T.$$ The Young's modulus is $$E$$ and the coefficient of linear expansion is $$'\alpha '\,.$$ The thermal stress in the rod is

In terms of Poisson's ratio $$\left( \mu \right)$$ the ratio of Young's Modulus $$(E)$$ to Shear Modulus $$(G)$$ of elastic materials is

A uniform, slender cylindrical rod is made of a homogeneous and isotropic material. The rod rests on a frictionless surface. The rod is heated uniformly. If the radial and longitudinal thermal stresses are represented by $${\sigma _r}$$ and $${\sigma _z}$$ respectively, then

Two identical circular rods of same diameter and same length are subjected to same magnitude of axial tensile force. One of the rods is made out of mild steel having the modulus of elasticity of 206 GPa. The other rod is made out of cast iron having he modulus of elasticity of 100 GPa. Assume both the materials to be homogeneous and isotropic and the axial force causes the same amount of uniform stress in both the rods. The stresses developed are within the proportional limit of the respective materials. Which of the following observations is correct?