An antenna pointing in a certain direction has a noise temperature of 50K. The ambient temperature is 290K. The antenna is connected to a pre-amplifier that has a noise figure of 2dB and an available gain of 40 dB over an effective bandwidth of 12 MHz. The effective input noise temperature T_e for the amplifier and the noise power P_ao at the output of the preamplifier, respectively, are

Consider a discreet memoryless source with alphabet $$S = \left\{ {{s_0},\,{s_1},\,{s_2},\,{s_3},\,{s_{4......}}} \right\}$$ and respective probabilities of occurrence $$P = \left\{ {{1 \over 2},\,{1 \over 4},\,{1 \over 8},\,{1 \over {16}},\,{1 \over {32}},......} \right\}$$. The entropy of the source (in bits) is__________.

A digital communication system uses a repetition code for channel encoding/decoding. During transmission, each bit is repeated three times (0 is transmitted as 000, and 1 is transmitted as 111). It is assumed that the source puts out symbols independently and with equal probability. The decoder operates as follows: In a block of three received bits, if the number of zeros exceeds the number of ones, the decoder decides in favor of a 0, and if the number of ones exceeds the number of zeros, the decoder decides in favor of a 1, Assuming a binary symmetric channel with crossover probability p = 0.1, the average probability of error is _______

An analog pulse s(t) is transmitted over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. The received signal is r(t) = s(t) + n(t), where n(t) is additive white Gaussian noise with power spectral density $${{{N_0}} \over 2}$$. The received signal is passed through a filter with impulse response h(t). Let $${E_s}$$ and $${E_n}$$ denote the energies of the pulse s(t) and the filter h(t), respectively. When the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is maximized at the output of the filter $$\left( {SN{R_{\max }}} \right)$$, which of the following holds?