A p-i-n photo diode of responsivity 0.8A/W is connected to the inverting input of an ideal opamp as shown in the figure, +V_CC = 15V, - V_CC = -15V, Load resistor R_L = 10 k$$\Omega $$ . If 10$$\mu $$W of power is incident on the photodiode, then the value of the photocurrent (in $$\mu $$A) through the load is _____.

Consider binary data transmission at a rate of 56 kbps using baseband binary pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) that is designed to have a raised-cosine spectrum. The transmission bandwidth (in kHz) required for a roll-off factor of 0.25 is ______.

An antenna pointing in a certain direction has a noise temperature of 50K. The ambient temperature is 290K. The antenna is connected to a pre-amplifier that has a noise figure of 2dB and an available gain of 40 dB over an effective bandwidth of 12 MHz. The effective input noise temperature T_e for the amplifier and the noise power P_ao at the output of the preamplifier, respectively, are

Consider a discreet memoryless source with alphabet $$S = \left\{ {{s_0},\,{s_1},\,{s_2},\,{s_3},\,{s_{4......}}} \right\}$$ and respective probabilities of occurrence $$P = \left\{ {{1 \over 2},\,{1 \over 4},\,{1 \over 8},\,{1 \over {16}},\,{1 \over {32}},......} \right\}$$. The entropy of the source (in bits) is__________.