encircles the s-plane point (−1 + j0) in the counterclockwise direction as many times as the number of right-half s-plane poles.

encircles the s-plane point (0 − j1) in the clockwise direction as many times as the number of right-half s-plane poles.

encircles the s-plane point (−1 + j0) in the counterclockwise direction as many times as the number of left-half s-plane poles.

encircles the s-plane point (−1 + j0) in the counterclockwise direction as many times as the number of right-half s-plane zeros.

A+B+C

A(B+C)

B(C+A)

C(A+B)

2-to-1 multiplexer

4-to-1 multiplexer

7-to-1 multiplexer

6-to-1 multiplexer

Binary to Gray code converter

Binary to XS3 converter

Gray to Binary converter

XS3 to Binary converter