Consider the oscillator circuit shown in the figure. The function of the network (shown in dotted lines) consisting of the 100 k $$\Omega$$ resistor in series with the two diodes connected back- to is to:

Consider the constant current source shown in the figure below. Let $$\beta $$ represent the current gain of the transistor

The load current I₀ through R_L is

The following signal V_i of peak voltage 8V is applied to the non-inverting terminal of an ideal Opamp. The transistor has V_BE = 0.7 V, $$\beta \, = \,100;$$ V_LED = 1.5 V, V_CC = 10V and -V_CC = -10V.

The number of times the LED glows is ______.

An ideal opamp has voltage source V₁, V₃, V₅, ......, V_N-1, connected to the non- inverting input and V₂, V₄, V₆, .....V_N connected to the inverting input as shown in the figure below (+V_CC= 15 volt, -V_CC = -15 volt). The voltage V₁, V₂, V₃,V₄, V₅, V₆ ....... are 1, -1/2, 1/3, -1/4, 1/5, -1/6, .... volt, respectively. As N approaches infinity, the output voltage (in volt) is _______