Assuming that the op-amp in the circuit shown below is ideal, the output voltage V₀ (in volts)

A zero mean white Gaussian noise having power spectral density $${{{N_0}} \over 2}$$ is passed through an $$ LTI $$ filter whose impulse response $$h(t)$$ is shown in the figure. The variance of the filtered noise at $$t = 4$$ is

$$\mathop {\left\{ {{X_n}} \right\}}\nolimits_{n = - \infty }^{n = \infty } $$ is an independent and identically distributed (i.i.d) random process with $${X_n}$$ equally likely to be $$+1$$ or $$-1$$. $$\mathop {\left\{ {{Y_n}} \right\}}\nolimits_{n = - \infty }^{n = \infty } \,$$ is another random process obtained as $${Y_n} = {X_n} + 0.5{X_{n - 1}}.\,\,\,$$
The autocorrelation function of $$\mathop {\left\{ {{Y_n}} \right\}}\nolimits_{n = - \infty }^{n = \infty } $$, denoted by $${r_y}\left[ K \right],$$ is

Let $$X \in \left\{ {0,1} \right\}$$ and $$Y \in \left\{ {0,1} \right\}$$ be two independent binary random variables.

If $$P\left( {X\,\, = 0} \right)\,\, = p$$ and $$P\left( {Y\,\, = 0} \right)\,\, = q,$$ then $$P\left( {X + Y \ge 1} \right)$$ is equal to