The loop transfer function of a single loop control system is given by $$G(s)H(s) = {{100} \over {s\left( {1 + 0.01s} \right)}}{e^{ - ST}}$$ Using Nyquist criterion, find the condition for the closed loop system to be stable.

The transfer function of a phase lead controller is $${\textstyle{{1 + 3Ts} \over {1 + Ts}}}.$$ The maximum value of phase provided by this controller is

An equivalent 2’s complement representation of the 2’s complement number 1101 is

Two 2' s complement numbers having sign bits x and y added and the sign bit of the result is z. Then, the occurrence of overflow is indicated by the Boolean function.