From a measurement of the rise time of the output pulse of an amplifier whose input is a small amplitude square wave, one can estimate the following parameter of the amplifier:

The circuit of Fig. is an example of feedback of the following type

For full wave rectification, a four diode bridge rectifier is claimed to have the following advantages over a two diode circuit:

(1) less expensive transformer

(2) smaller size transformer, and

(3) suitability for higher voltage application.

Of these,

In a series regulated power supply circuit, the voltage gain A_v of the ‘pass’ transistor satisfies the condition: