The polarization of a wave with electric field vector $$\overrightarrow E = {E_0}\,{e^{j\left( {\omega t - \beta z} \right)}}\left( {\overrightarrow {{a_x}} + \overrightarrow {{a_y}} } \right)$$ is

The Maxwell's equation $$\nabla\times\overrightarrow H\;=\;\overrightarrow J\;+\;\frac{\partial\overrightarrow D}{\partial t}$$ is based on

A loop is rotating about the y-axis in a magnetic field $$$\overrightarrow B\;=\;B_0\cos\left(\mathrm{ωt}\;+\;\mathrm\phi\;\right)\;{\overrightarrow a}_x\;\mathrm T .$$$ The voltage in the loop is

For small signal a.c. operation, a practical forward biased diode can be modeled as