The molar specific heat of an ideal gas at constant pressure and constant volume is $$\mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{p}}$$ and $$\mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{v}}$$ respectively. If $$\mathrm{R}$$ is universal gas constant and $$\gamma=\frac{\mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{p}}}{\mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{v}}}$$ then $$\mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{v}}=$$

A composite slab consists of two materials having coefficient of thermal conductivity $$\mathrm{K}$$ and $$2 \mathrm{~K}$$, thickness $$\mathrm{x}$$ and $$4 \mathrm{x}$$ respectively. The temperature of the two outer surfaces of a composite slab are $$\mathrm{T}_2$$ and $$\mathrm{T}_1\left(\mathrm{~T}_2 > \mathrm{T}_1\right)$$. The rate of heat transfer through the slab in a steady state is $$\left[\frac{\mathrm{A}\left(\mathrm{T}_2-\mathrm{T}_1\right) \mathrm{K}}{\mathrm{x}}\right] \cdot \mathrm{f}$$ where '$$\mathrm{f}$$' is equal to

A black sphere has radius '$$R$$' whose rate of radiation is '$$E$$' at temperature '$$T$$'. If radius is made $$R / 3$$ and temperature '$$3 T$$', the rate of radiation will be

A gas at normal temperature is suddenly compressed to one-fourth of its original volume. If $$\frac{\mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{p}}}{\mathrm{C}_{\mathrm{v}}}=\gamma=1.5$$, then the increase in its temperature is